Abstract: The exponential growth of distributed sensors driven by IoT development poses a significant challenge to sensor power supply. The invention of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) provides an innovative and sustainable way to solve the energy supply problem for distributed sensors. Ecoflex materials, as a flexible, stretchable, and easily processable dielectric layer, are widely used in the TENG field. However, the weak electronegativity, low dielectric constant, and poor charge trapping ability of single Ecoflex materials significantly limit its application in TENGs. In this paper, from the equivalent capacitance model of TENGs and the fundamental properties of Ecoflex materials, a review of modification strategies for Ecoflex-based materials, including composite modification, surface micro/nano-structuring, and chemical functionalization are presented. The mechanism of the above strategy for enhancing TENG output performance was further investigated, and the application of modified Ecoflex-based TENGs in self-powered sensing and energy harvesting fields was explored. Finally, the current challenges and development trends of Ecoflex-based TENG are highlighted, which provide a key guideline for designing high-performance devices for zero-carbon IoT.