Abstract: With the back ground of "double carbon" strategy in China, the development of energy storage devices with 'three high, one long, one low and one protection' (i.e. high energy density, high power density, high security, long cycle stability, low cost and environmental protection) is of great significance. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based fluoropolymers has been widely used as binder, separator and electrolyte materials for energy storage devices of batteries and supercapacitors due to their good mechanical property, electrical and chemical stability. With the rapid development of energy storage devices, functionalization of PVDF-based fluoropolymers to meet the needs of energy storage devices with 'three high, one long, one low and one protection' for energy storage device has gain increasing number of research interests. This paper comprehensively introduces the application of PVDF-based polymer nanocomposites as binder, electrolyte and separator materials in energy storage devices. The mechanism of different functional composite modifications to improve the performance of PVDF-based materials are compared and highlighted. The outlook of the PVDF-based materials applied in the field of energy storage is also discussed.