Abstract: Artemisia is a common Chinese herbal medicine. The essential oil of Artemisia is easy to volatilize and cannot maintain bacteriostasis for a long time, which has become a bottleneck restricting its industrial application. In order to solve the above problems, Artemisia/polyacrylonitrile composite nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning using water-soluble Artemisia powders. The composite filter materials with good stability and long-term bacteriostasis were prepared by on-line process with melt-blown and hot-air nonwovens. The wettability, antibacterial properties, air permeability, filtration efficiency and unidirectional moisture transport of the composites were tested and compared with those of Artemisia essential oil materials. The results show that the addition of Artemisia powder made the composites uper hydrophilic, and the wetting time of the composites is 126 times shorter than that of pure polyacrylonitrile nanofibers. When the mass ratio of Artemisia grass to polyacrylonitrile reaches 15∶15, the bacteriostatic rate of staphylococcus aureus reaches 99.5% after two months. While under the same conditions, Artemisia essential oil volatilized faster, antibacterial property and durability are lower. It can be seen that Artemisia composite nanofiber material has excellent antibacterial and barrier properties. The melt-blown material is compounded with Artemisia/polyacrylonitrile nanofiber material, and the unidirectional moisture conductivity index can be as high as 988.96%. It is expected to solve the problems of hot concentration in summer, damp-cold in winter and bacterial reproduction, and has a broad application prospect in masks, dressings and medical protective clothing.