Abstract: Polymer/inorganic nanoparticle composite microspheres have excellent comprehensive properties such as good designability, fluidity, thermal stability and functional base surface characteristics. The morphology, particle size, distribution and surface structure of polymer/inorganic nanoparticle composite microspheres can be significantly changed according to the preparation method, which can affect their physical and chemical properties. This article reviews the research progress of emulsion polymerization, suspension polymerization, dispersion polymerization, two-step compounding, self-assembly, physical induction and template-assisted methods in preparing polymer/inorganic nanoparticle composite microspheres. The preparation methods of multi-layer, core-shell and functionalized composite microspheres have also been summarized. Finally, the current problems in the chemical preparation of polymer/inorganic nanoparticle composite microspheres are proposed and prospected.